Through the analysis of various written sources from ancient Egypt, put in parallel with those of contemporary Africa (including oral tradition), this work emphasizes the cultural unity of the two universes, ancient and contemporary. It opens with an examination of the Egyptian cosmogony, which different sources show that it is organized into a system of the world. These texts inform us about the birth of the universe, the organization of society and the institutions that result from it, as well as the possibility of life after death. The vision of the world that emerges is articulated around the central notion of Maât, a term meaning at the same time truth, justice, order, cosmic and social balance, but also law, solidarity, equity, equality, etc. Like the company that produced it, this system of thought is genuinely African. It spread elsewhere in the world beyond the Nile valley, the Mediterranean basin and the African continent, thus attesting to the influence of the Pharaonic civilization. The book broadens the perspectives of Egyptological research to disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, ethnology, literature, law, religion, etc. Conversely, he invites these disciplines to open up to Egyptology. Finally, it constitutes an important milestone in the overhaul of African studies.