This notebook n ° 1 of the African Institute of Egyptology Cheikh Anta Diop deals with the very ancient geometrical knowledge which existed and flourished in Egypt at the time of the Pharaohs. Links are not excluded with other African geometric objects and knowledge outside the Nile valley. Egyptian geometry is then placed in its true native, historical and cultural context. The work, concise and didactic, thus releases a whole tradition of the African geometrical direction until the sedimented idealities of modern fire-engraved calabashes. It was difficult to avoid the historiography of this beautiful and rigorous invention of the human mind that is geometry, especially as the Greeks themselves showed, unanimously, that their proposed geometry developed from that received from Egypt. By its object and its approach, this work is to be considered as a major contribution to the knowledge of the scientific and cultural history of Africa which still remains to be written and evaluated.