The general bankruptcy of development models imposes a question on Reason: should we move towards a reformulation of development policies or should we have the intellectual and political courage to think about modernity in Africa from an alternative paradigm? to that of development? The authors of this book have chosen to explore the hypothesis of an alternative: that of the African renaissance. This paradigm invites us to pose the question of modernity in Africa in terms of historical renaissance (process of refounding the social fabric).